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Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, Vol. 85, No. 6, pp. 1089-1101

http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/PAC-CON-12-10-11

Published online 2013-04-10

The new world of organic reactions in water

Shū Kobayashi

Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

Abstract: Different reactivities and selectivities are observed in water compared with those in organic solvents. In this article, such three examples are described. While ammonia was known not to react in metal-catalyzed allylic amination, palladium-catalyzed allylic amination using aqueous ammonia proceeded to afford primary amines in high yields. Second, allylboronates reacted with aldehydes in aqueous media to afford α-addition adducts exclusively in high yields with high diastereo- and enantioselectivities using Zn(OH)2 with ligands as catalysts. Finally, it was found that catalytic use of In(0) was effective for the reactions of allylboronates with ketones in water.