Pure and Applied Chemistry

Calibration in analytical chemistry refers to the relation between sample domain and measurement domain (signal domain) expressed by an analytical function x = f_s(Q) representing a pattern of chemical species Q and their amounts or concentrations x in a given test sample on the one hand and a measured function y = f(z) that may be a spectrum, chromatogram, etc.

Simultaneous multispecies analyses are carried out mainly by spectroscopic and chromatographic methods in a more or less selective way. For the determination of n species Q_i (i = 1,2 …n), at least n signals must be measured which should be well separated in the ideal case. In analytical practice, the situation can be different.