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Pure Appl. Chem., 2001, Vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 193-198

http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200173010193

Solvent-free accelerated organic syntheses using microwaves

Rajender S. Varma

Clean Processes Branch, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, MS 443, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA

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  • Chau Chi-Min, Chuan Tzu-Jung, Liu Kuan-Miao: A highly efficient one-pot method for the synthesis of thioureas and 2-imino-4-thiazolidinones under microwave conditions. RSC Adv. 2014, 4, 1276. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ra46270f>
  • Lokman Ibrahim M., Rashid Umer, Yunus Robiah, Taufiq-Yap Yun Hin: Carbohydrate-derived Solid Acid Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Low-Cost Feedstocks: A Review. Catalysis Reviews 2014, 56, 187. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01614940.2014.891842>
  • Singh Nirmala, Watts Sheenam, Joshi Suresh C., Singh Ran V.: Pesticidal and antifertility activities of triorganogermanium(IV) complexes synthesized using a green chemical approach. Appl. Organometal. Chem. 2013, 27, 269. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.2960>
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  • Nageswara Rao N., Meshram H.M.: Microwave assisted water mediated benzylic C–H functionalization of methyl aza-arenes and nucleophilic addition to aromatic aldehydes. Tetrahedron Letters 2013, 54, 5087. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.07.053>
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  • Gude Veera, Patil Prafulla, Martinez-Guerra Edith, Deng Shuguang, Nirmalakhandan Nagamany: Microwave energy potential for biodiesel production. Sustain Chem Process 2013, 1, 5. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2043-7129-1-5>
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  • Ivantsova M. N., Tokareva M. I., Mironov M. A.: Multicomponent interphase synthesis of heterocyclic compounds (Review). Chem Heterocycl Comp 2012, 48, 584. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10593-012-1031-1>
  • Bassyouni Fatma A., Abu-Bakr Sherifa M., Rehim Mohamed Abdel: Evolution of microwave irradiation and its application in green chemistry and biosciences. res chem intermed 2012, 38, 283. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11164-011-0348-1>
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  • Abdul Jalil M., Masum Shah Md.: A straightforward one-pot synthesis of biologically important imidazolyl alcohols via catalytic epoxide ring-opening reactions. Tetrahedron Letters 2012, 53, 3049. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.04.019>
  • Bhuyan Debajyoti, Sarma Rupam, Prajapati Dipak: Microwave-assisted efficient synthesis of spiroquinoline derivatives via a catalyst- and solvent-free aza-Diels–Alder reaction. Tetrahedron Letters 2012, 53, 6460. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.09.081>
  • Azzam Sadeq Hamood Saleh, Pasha M.A.: Microwave-assisted, mild, facile, and rapid one-pot three-component synthesis of some novel pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4,7-triones. Tetrahedron Letters 2012, 53, 7056. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.10.056>
  • Baig R. B. Nasir, Varma Rajender S.: Alternative energy input: mechanochemical, microwave and ultrasound-assisted organic synthesis. Chemical Society Review 2012, 41, 1559. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1cs15204a>
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  • Al-Sheikh Mariam A.: A novel method for the synthesis of nicotinonitrile and diazepin derivatives under microwave irradiation. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 2011, 15, 155. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2010.07.002>
  • Thaker B.T., Barvalia R.S.: Microwave assisted synthesis and characterization of unsymmetrical tetradentate Schiff base complexes of VO(IV) and MoO(V). Spectochim Acta A 2011, 84, 51. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2011.08.055>
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  • Shukla Gaurav, Verma Rajiv K., Verma Girijesh K., Singh Maya Shankar: Solvent-free sonochemical one-pot three-component synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-1,6,11-triones and 1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-5,10-diones. Tetrahedron Letters 2011, 52, 7195. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.10.136>
  • Sarma Rupam, Prajapati Dipak: Microwave-promoted efficient synthesis of dihydroquinazolines. Green Chem 2011, 13, 718. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0gc00838a>
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  • Mukhopadhyay Chhanda, Ghosh Sabari, Sengupta (Bandyopadhyay) Sumita, De Soumasree: Synthesis of 2-alkyl substituted benzimidazoles under microwave irradiation: Anti-proliferative effect of some representative compounds on human histiocytic lymphoma cell U937. RSC Adv 2011, 1, 1033. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1ra00470k>
  • Marvi Omid, Alizadeh Abdolhamid, Zarrabi Saeid: Montmorillonite K-10 Clay as an Efficient Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Solvent-Free Microwave Mediated Synthesis of 5-Substituted 1H-Tetrazoles. Bull Kor Chem Soc 2011, 32, 4001. <http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.11.4001>
  • Singh V., Kumari P. L., Tiwari A., Pandey S.: Alumina-supported microwave synthesis of Cassia marginata seed gum-graft-polyacrylamide. J Appl Polym Sci 2010, n/a. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.32273>
  • Varma Rajender S.: ChemInform Abstract: Solvent-Free Accelerated Organic Syntheses Using Microwaves. ChemInform 2010, 32, no. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200138266>
  • Pednekar Suhas, Pandey Anil Kumar: Microwave-assisted synthesis of quinolone derivatives and related compounds. J Heterocyclic Chem 2010, 47, 1104. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.430>
  • Refaat A. A.: Different techniques for the production of biodiesel from waste vegetable oil. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 7, 183. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03326130>
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  • Patil Jagdish U., Suryawanshi Kamalakar C., Patil Prakash B., Chaudhary Sanjay R., Pawar Nilesh S.: Synthesis and antibacterial activity of carvacryl ethers. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2010, 12, 129. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286020903455907>
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  • Mouradzadegun Arash, Dianat Shima: Facile and selective solvent-free synthesis of 2-isoxazolines under microwave irradiation. J Heterocyclic Chem 2009, 46, 778. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.102>
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  • Pagadala Ramakanth, Ali Parvez, Meshram Jyotsna S.: Microwave assisted synthesis and characterization of N,N′-bis(salicylaldehydo)ethylenediimine complexes of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II). J Coord Chem 2009, 62, 4009. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00958970903208284>
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  • Refaat A. A., Sheltawy S. T., Sadek K. U.: Optimum reaction time, performance and exhaust emissions of biodiesel produced by microwave irradiation. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 5, 315. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03326026>
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  • Polshettiwar Vivek, Varma Rajender S.: Pd–N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organic silica: synthesis and application in carbon–carbon coupling reactions. Tetrahedron 2008, 64, 4637. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2008.02.098>
  • Sasmal Pradip K., Chandrasekhar A., Sridhar S., Iqbal Javed: Novel one-step method for the conversion of isothiocyanates to 2-alkyl(aryl)aminothiazoles. Tetrahedron 2008, 64, 11074. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2008.09.074>
  • Polshettiwar Vivek, Varma Rajender S.: Nafion®-catalyzed microwave-assisted Ritter reaction: an atom-economic solvent-free synthesis of amides. Tetrahetron Lett 2008, 49, 2661. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.02.009>
  • Ramesh Ekambaram, Sree Vidhya Tarakkad Krishnaji, Raghunathan Raghavachary: Indium chloride/silica gel supported synthesis of pyrano/thiopyranoquinolines through intramolecular imino Diels–Alder reaction using microwave irradiation. Tetrahetron Lett 2008, 49, 2810. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.02.128>
  • Quiroga Jairo, Trilleras Jorge, Insuasty Braulio, Abonía Rodrigo, Nogueras Manuel, Marchal Antonio, Cobo Justo: Microwave-assisted synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines from 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde under solvent-free conditions. Tetrahetron Lett 2008, 49, 3257. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.03.090>
  • Raghavendra M., Bhojya Naik Halehatty S., Sherigara Bailure S.: Microwave Induced One-Pot Synthesis of Some New Thiopyrano[2,3-b]quinolin-2-ones under Solvent-Free Conditions. Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat Elem 2008, 183, 1229. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426500701613170>
  • Efficient and Solvent-free Preparation of Formate Esters from Alcohols under Microwave Irradiation. Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society 2008, 29, 856. <http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/bkcs.2008.29.4.856>
  • Kotha Sambasivarao, Shah Vrajesh R., Mandal Kalyaneswar: Formation of Arenesvia Diallylarenes: Strategic Utilization of Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling, Claisen Rearrangement and Ring-Closing Metathesis. Adv Synth Catal 2007, 349, 1159. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsc.200600469>
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  • Martins Marcos A. P., Pereira Claudio M. P., Moura Sidnei, Frizzo Clarissa P., Beck Paulo, Zanatta Nilo, Bonacorso Helio G., Flores Alex F. C.: Microwave assisted regiospecific synthesis of 5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydropyrazoles and-pyrazoles. J Heterocyclic Chem 2007, 44, 1195. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570440537>
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  • Pillai Unnikrishnan R., Sahle-Demessie Endalkachew, Varma Rajender S.: Ultrasound-Assisted Epoxidation of Olefins and α,β-Unsaturated Ketones over Hydrotalcites Using Hydrogen Peroxide. Synth Common 2003, 33, 2017. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/SCC-120021028>
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  • Quiroga Jairo, Cisneros Carlos, Insuasty Braulio, Abonı́a Rodrigo, Nogueras Manuel, Sánchez Adolfo: A regiospecific three-component one-step cyclocondensation to 6-cyano-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones. Using microwaves under solvent-free conditions. Tetrahetron Lett 2001, 42, 5625. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)01092-9>
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