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Pure Appl. Chem., 1995, Vol. 67, No. 1, pp. 117-126

http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199567010117

The photochemistry of sensitisers for photodynamic therapy

D. Phillips

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  • Jiang Zhou, Chen Meili, Hu Yanli, Wang Jian, Chen Guonan: Investigation on 1 O2 generation ability of di-sulfonic phthalocyanine zinc isomers using an HPLC-CL system. Luminescence 2013, 28, 922. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.2460>
  • Gök Halil Zeki, Farsak Berna: Synthesis and spectral properties of novel metal-free and metallophthalocyanines bearing four 19-membered tetrathiadiaza macrocycles. Journal of Molecular Structure 2013, 1054-1055, 25. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.09.033>
  • Cubillas Ana M., Unterkofler Sarah, Euser Tijmen G., Etzold Bastian J. M., Jones Anita C., Sadler Peter J., Wasserscheid Peter, Russell Philip St.J.: Photonic crystal fibres for chemical sensing and photochemistry. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 8629. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cs60128e>
  • Filidou V., Mamone S., Simmons S., Karlen S. D., Anderson H. L., Kay C. W. M., Bagno A., Rastrelli F., Murata Y., Komatsu K., Lei X., Li Y., Turro N. J., Levitt M. H., Morton J. J. L.: Probing the C60 triplet state coupling to nuclear spins inside and out. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 2013, 371, 20120475. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0475>
  • Isago Hiroaki, Fujita Harumi, Hirota Misako, Sugimori Tamotsu, Kagaya Yutaka: Synthesis, spectral and electrochemical properties of a novel phosphorous(V)-phthalocyanine. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2013, 17, 763. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S1088424613500247>
  • Çamur Meryem, Durmuş Mahmut, Rıza Özkaya A., Bulut Mustafa: Synthesis, photophysical, photochemical and electrochemical properties of crown ether bearing coumarin substituted phthalocyanines. Inorg Chim Ada 2012, 383, 287. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2011.11.014>
  • Isago Hiroaki, Kagaya Yutaka, Oyama Youichi, Fujita Harumi, Sugimori Tamotsu: The syntheses of amphiphilic antimony(V)-phthalocyanines and spectral investigation on their aggregation behaviors in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 2012, 111, 91. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.02.021>
  • Isago Hiroaki, Fujita Harumi, Sugimori Tamotsu: The synthesis and spectral investigation of a novel highly water-soluble, aggregation-free antimony(V)-phthalocyanine absorbing light in optical therapeutical window. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 2012, 117, 111. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.08.004>
  • Acar ��rfan, B��y��kl��o��lu Zekeriya, Durmu�� Mahmut, Kantekin Halit: Synthesis, characterization and comparative studies on the photophysical and photochemical properties of peripherally and non-peripherally tetra-substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanines. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 2012. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2012.02.028>
  • Saka Ece Tuğba, Göl Cem, Durmuş Mahmut, Kantekin Halit, Bıyıklıoğlu Zekeriya: Photophysical, photochemical and aggregation behavior of novel peripherally tetra-substituted phthalocyanine derivatives. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 2012, 241, 67. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.05.023>
  • Bayrak Rıza, Durmuş Mahmut, Meydanal Sevgi, Sancak Kemal, Değirmencioğlu İsmail: Synthesis, structural and spectroscopic characterization, and photophysical and photochemical properties of peripherally tetratriazole-subsituted highly soluble metallophthalocyanines. Polyhedron 2012, 48, 1. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2012.07.103>
  • Aktaş Ayşe, Durmuş Mahmut, Değirmencioğlu İsmail: Self-assembling novel phthalocyanines containing a rigid benzothiazole skeleton with a 1,4-benzene linker: Synthesis, spectroscopic and spectral properties, and photochemical/photophysical affinity. Polyhedron 2012, 48, 80. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2012.08.074>
  • Isago Hiroaki, Kagaya Yutaka: Synthesis, Spectral, and Electrochemical Characterization of the First Arsenic(V)-Phthalocyanines. Inorg. Chem. 2012, 51, 8447. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic301002s>
  • Acar İrfan, Biyiklioğlu Zekeriya, Çakir Dilek, Kantekin Halit: Tetrakis (2-[2-(2-naphthyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy) substituted metal-free and metallophthalocyanines and their aggregation behavior. Journal of Coordination Chemistry 2012, 65, 4077. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00958972.2012.732695>
  • Bıyıklıoğlu Zekeriya: Synthesis and spectroscopic characterisation of non-aggregated novel axially 4-{2-[3-(diethylamino)phenoxy]ethoxy} and crown ether substituted silicon phthalocyanines. Coloration Technology 2012, 128, 459. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.2012.00400.x>
  • Gürol İlke, Durmuş Mahmut, Ahsen Vefa: Investigation of photophysical and photochemical properties of octa-substituted double-decker rare-earth metallophthalocyanine complexes. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2012, 16, 907. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S1088424612500927>
  • Bratashov Daniil N., Masic Admir, Yashchenok Alexey M., Bedard Matthieu F., Inozemtseva Olga A., Gorin Dmitry A., Basova Tamara, Sievers Torsten K., Sukhorukov Gleb B., Winterhalter Mathias: Raman imaging and photodegradation study of phthalocyanine containing microcapsules and coated particles. J Raman Spectry 2011, 42, 1901. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.2938>
  • Özçeşmeci İbrahim, Koca Atıf, Gül Ahmet: Synthesis and electrochemical and in situ spectroelectrochemical characterization of manganese, vanadyl, and cobalt phthalocyanines with 2-naphthoxy substituents. Elecrochim Acta 2011, 56, 5102. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2011.03.069>
  • Bıyıklıoğlu Zekeriya, Durmuş Mahmut, Kantekin Halit: Tetra-2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethoxy substituted zinc phthalocyanines and their quaternized analoques: Synthesis, characterization, photophysical and photochemical properties. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 2011, 222, 87. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.05.006>
  • Çamur Meryem, Durmuş Mahmut, Bulut Mustafa: Coumarino-12-crown-4 bearing phthalocyanine photosensitizers for singlet oxygen production. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 2011, 222, 266. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.06.007>
  • Çamur Meryem, Durmuş Mahmut, Bulut Mustafa: Synthesis, characterization and comparative studies on the photophysical and photochemical properties of metal-free and zinc(II) phthalocyanines with phenyloxyacetic acid functionalities. J Polyhedron 2011, 30, 1935. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2011.04.044>
  • Esenpınar Aliye Aslı, Durmuş Mahmut, Bulut Mustafa: Synthesis and properties of crown ether functionalized coumarin substituted zinc phthalocyanine. J Polyhedron 2011, 30, 2067. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2011.05.023>
  • Esenpınar Aliye Aslı, Durmuş Mahmut, Bulut Mustafa: Photophysical, photochemical and BSA binding/BQ quenching properties of quaternizable coumarin containing water soluble zinc phthalocyanine complexes. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2011, 79, 608. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2011.03.043>
  • Meixner Alfred J., Chizhik Anna M., Jäger Regina, Chizhik Alexey I., Bär Sebastian, Mack Hans-Georg, Sackrow Marcus, Stanciu Catrinel, Lyubimtsev Alexey, Hanack Michael: Optical imaging of excited-state tautomerization in single molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011, 13, 1722. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0cp02228d>
  • Tuncel Sinem, Dumoulin Fabienne, Gailer Jürgen, Sooriyaarachchi Melani, Atilla Devrim, Durmuş Mahmut, Bouchu Denis, Savoie Huguette, Boyle Ross W., Ahsen Vefa: A set of highly water-soluble tetraethyleneglycol-substituted Zn(ii) phthalocyanines: synthesis, photochemical and photophysical properties, interaction with plasma proteins and in vitro phototoxicity. Dalton Trans 2011, 40, 4067. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0dt01260b>
  • Jiang Zhou, He Wenyi, Yao Huisheng, Wang Jian, Chen Naisheng, Huang Jinling: Isomeric separation and identification of tetra-, tri-, and di-β-sulphonic phthalocyanine zinc complexes. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2011, 15, 140. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S1088424611003069>
  • Dumoulin Fabienne, Durmuş Mahmut, Ahsen Vefa, Nyokong Tebello: Synthetic pathways to water-soluble phthalocyanines and close analogs. Coord Chem Rev - 2010, 254, 2792. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2010.05.002>
  • Erdoğmuş Ali, Nyokong Tebello: Novel, soluble, FluXoro functional substituted zinc phthalocyanines; synthesis, characterization and photophysicochemical properties. J Dye Pig 2010, 86, 174. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2010.01.001>
  • Bıyıklıoğlu Zekeriya, Durmuş Mahmut, Kantekin Halit: Synthesis, photophysical and photochemical properties of quinoline substituted zinc (II) phthalocyanines and their quaternized derivatives. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2010, 211, 32. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.01.018>
  • Esenpınar Aliye Aslı, Durmuş Mahmut, Bulut Mustafa: Tetra-3-[(2-diethylamino)ethyl]-7-oxo-4-methylcoumarin-substituted zinc phthalocyanines: Synthesis, characterization and aggregation effects on photophysical/photochemical properties. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2010, 213, 171. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.05.021>
  • Erdoğmuş Ali, Durmuş Mahmut, Uğur Ahmet Lütfi, Avciata Oğuzhan, Avciata Ulvi, Nyokong Tebello: Synthesis, photophysics, photochemistry and fluorescence quenching studies on highly soluble substituted oxo-titanium(IV) phthalocyanine complexes. Synthetic Metal 2010, 160, 1868. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2010.07.002>
  • Zorlu Yunus, Dumoulin Fabienne, Durmuş Mahmut, Ahsen Vefa: Comparative studies of photophysical and photochemical properties of solketal substituted platinum(II) and zinc(II) phthalocyanine sets. Tetrahedron 2010, 66, 3248. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2010.02.079>
  • van Leeuwen Magda, Beeby Andrew, Ashworth Stephen H.: The photochemistry and photophysics of a series of non-peripherally substituted zinc phthalocyanines. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010, 9, 370. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b9pp00107g>
  • Serrano-Pérez Juan José, Olaso-González Gloria, Merchán Manuela, Serrano-Andrés Luis: Singlet oxygen generation in PUVA therapy studied using electronic structure calculations. Chemical Physics 2009, 360, 85. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2009.04.014>
  • Yanık Hülya, Aydın Duygu, Durmuş Mahmut, Ahsen Vefa: Peripheral and non-peripheral tetrasubstituted aluminium, gallium and indium phthalocyanines: Synthesis, photophysics and photochemistry. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2009, 206, 18. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2009.05.005>
  • Erdoğmuş Ali, Nyokong Tebello: New soluble methylendioxy-phenoxy-substituted zinc phthalocyanine derivatives: Synthesis, photophysical and photochemical studies. J Polyhedron 2009, 28, 2855. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2009.06.019>
  • Durmuş Mahmut, Bıyıklıoğlu Zekeriya, Kantekin Halit: Synthesis, photophysical and photochemical properties of crown ether substituted zinc phthalocyanines. Synthetic Metal 2009, 159, 1563. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2009.04.018>
  • Balaban Mihaela Carmen, Chappaz-Gillot Cyril, Canard Gabriel, Fuhr Olaf, Roussel Christian, Balaban Teodor Silviu: Metal catalyst-free amination of meso-bromoporphyrins: an entry to supramolecular porphyrinoid frameworks. Tetrahedron 2009, 65, 3733. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2009.02.039>
  • Kresfelder Tina L., Cronjé Marianne J., Abrahamse Heidi: The Effects of Two Metallophthalocyanines on the Viability and Proliferation of an Esophageal Cancer Cell Line. Photomed and Laser Ther 2009, 27, 625. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/pho.2008.2321>
  • Saydan Nil, Durmuş Mahmut, Dizge Meltem G., Yaman Hanifi, Gürek Ayşe G., Antunes Edith, Nyokong Tebello, Ahsen Vefa: Water-soluble phthalocyanines mediated photodynamic effect on mesothelioma cells. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2009, 13, 681. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S1088424609000863>
  • Jian Wang, Hong Liu, JinPing Xue, Zhou Jiang, NaiSheng Chen, JinLing Huang: The constitutes and isomer distribution of di-(potassium sulfonate)-di-phthalimidomethyl phthalocyanine zinc. Chinese Sci Bull 2008, 53, 1657. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11434-008-0223-7>
  • Hacıvelioğlu Ferda, Durmuş Mahmut, Yeşilot Serkan, Gürek Ayşe Gül, Kılıç Adem, Ahsen Vefa: The synthesis, spectroscopic and thermal properties of phenoxycyclotriphosphazenyl-substituted phthalocyanines. J Dye Pig 2008, 79, 14. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2007.12.010>
  • Palewska Krystyna, Sujka Marta, Urasińska-Wójcik Barbara, Sworakowski Juliusz, Lipiński Józef, Nešpůrek Stanislav, Rakušan Jan, Karásková Marie: Light-induced effects in sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanines — potential photosensitizers in the photodynamic therapy. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2008, 197, 1. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.11.025>
  • Mbambisa Gcineka, Nyokong Tebello: Synthesis and electrochemical characterisation of a near infrared absorbing oxo vanadium(IV) octapentylthio-phthalocyanine. J Polyhedron 2008, 27, 2799. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2008.06.004>
  • Ceyhan Tanju, Yüksek Mustafa, Yağlıoğlu H. Gül, Salih Bekir, Erbil Mehmet K., Elmalı Ayhan, Bekaroğlu Özer: Synthesis, characterization and nonlinear absorption of novel octakis-POSS substituted metallophthalocyanines and strong optical limiting property of CuPc. Dalton Trans 2008, 2407. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b717523j>
  • Nyokong Tebello: Effects of substituents on the photochemical and photophysical properties of main group metal phthalocyanines. Coord Chem Rev - 2007, 251, 1707. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2006.11.011>
  • Bae Cheolbeom, Kwag Gwanghoon, Kenney Malcolm E.: Synthesis and characterization of near-infrared absorption tin octabutoxy naphthalocyanines. J Polyhedron 2007, 26, 2810. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2007.01.045>
  • Durmuş Mahmut, Nyokong Tebello: Synthesis, photophysical and photochemical properties of tetra- and octa-substituted gallium and indium phthalocyanines. J Polyhedron 2007, 26, 3323. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2007.03.007>
  • Durmuş Mahmut, Nyokong Tebello: Synthesis, photophysical and photochemical properties of aryloxy tetra-substituted gallium and indium phthalocyanine derivatives. Tetrahedron 2007, 63, 1385. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2006.11.089>
  • Atilla Devrim, Durmu? Mahmut, G?rek Ay?e G?l, Ahsen Vefa, Nyokong Tebello: Synthesis, photophysical and photochemical properties of poly(oxyethylene)-substituted zinc phthalocyanines. Dalton Trans 2007, 1235. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b617773e>
  • Durmu? Mahmut, Nyokong Tebello: Synthesis, photophysical and photochemical studies of new water-soluble indium(iii) phthalocyanines. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2007, 6, 659. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b618478b>
  • Tau Prudence, Nyokong Tebello: Synthesis and electrochemical characterisation of α- and β-tetra-substituted oxo(phthalocyaninato) titanium(IV) complexes. J Polyhedron 2006, 25, 1802. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2005.11.025>
  • Tau Prudence, Nyokong Tebello: Synthesis, electrochemical and photophysical properties of phthalocyaninato oxotitanium(iv) complexes tetra-substituted at the ? and ? positions with arylthio groups. Dalton Trans 2006, 4482. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b607538j>
  • Lang K., Mosinger J., Wagnerová D.M.: Photophysical properties of porphyrinoid sensitizers non-covalently bound to host molecules; models for photodynamic therapy. Coord Chem Rev - 2004, 248, 321. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2004.02.004>
  • Kuznetsova Nina A., Gretsova Nataliya S., Derkacheva Valentina M., Kaliya Oleg L., Lukyanets Evgeny A.: Sulfonated phthalocyanines: aggregation and singlet oxygen quantum yield in aqueous solutions. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2003, 07, 147. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S1088424603000203>
  • MODY TARAK D., SESSLER JONATHAN L.: Texaphyrins: a new approach to drug development. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2001, 05, 134. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpp.326>
  • OWENS JOHN W., ROBINS MARSHA: Phthalocyanine photophysics and photosensitizer efficiency on human embryonic lung fibroblasts. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2001, 05, 460. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpp.340>
  • THAMAE MAMOTHIBE A., NYOKONG TEBELLO: Spectroscopic studies of the interaction of cobalt(II) N,N',N″,N‴-tetramethyltetra-3,4-pyridinoporphyrazine with amino acids and nitrogen oxides. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2001, 05, 839. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpp.551>
  • Wagnerova D.M.: Classification of Dioxygen Reactions: A Unifying View. Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 2001, 215, 133. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zpch.2001.215.1.133>
  • MODY TARAK D.: Pharmaceutical development and medical applications of porphyrin-type macrocycles. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2000, 04, 362. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1409(200006/07)4:4<362::AID-JPP250>3.0.CO;2-Z>
  • Mody Tarak D.: Pharmaceutical development and medical applications of porphyrin-type macrocycles. J Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2000, 4, 362. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1409(200006/07)4:4<362::AID-JPP250>3.0.CO;2-Z>
  • Mosinger J., Losinská K., Abrhámová T., Veiserová S., Mička Z., Němcová I., Mosinger B.: Determination of Singlet Oxygen Production and Antibacterial Effect of Nonpolar Porphyrins In Heterogeneous Systems. Anal Lett 2000, 33, 1091. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032710008543111>
  • SEKOTA MANTOA, NYOKONG TEBELLO: Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Tetramethyltetrapyridinoporphyrazine Complexes: Redox Properties and Interactions with Cysteine and Histidine. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 1999, 03, 477. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1409(199908/10)3:6/7<477::AID-JPP160>3.0.CO;2-8>
  • Sekota Mantoa, Nyokong Tebello: Palladium(II) and platinum(II) tetramethyltetrapyridinoporphyrazine complexes: redox properties and interactions with cysteine and histidine. J Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 1999, 3, 477. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1409(199908/10)3:6/7<477::AID-JPP160>3.0.CO;2-8>
  • Schell Christian, Hombrecher Hermann K.: Synthesis and investigation of glycosylated mono- and diarylporphyrins for photodynamic therapy. biorg med chem 1999, 7, 1857. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(99)00133-9>
  • Redmond Robert W., Gamlin Janet N.: A Compilation of Singlet Oxygen Yields from Biologically Relevant Molecules. Photchem Photbio 1999, 70, 391. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1999.tb08240.x>
  • EDREI R., GOTTFRIED V., VAN LIER J. E., KIMEL S.: Sulfonated Phthalocyanines: Photophysical Properties, in vitro Cell Uptake and Structure-activity Relationships. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 1998, 02, 191. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1409(199805/06)2:3<191::AID-JPP65>3.0.CO;2-4>
  • Lang K., Kubát P., Mosinger J., Wagnerová D.M.: Photochemical consequences of porphyrin and phthalocyanine aggregation on nucleoprotein histone. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1998, 119, 47. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(98)00380-3>
  • Sekota Mantoa, Nyokong Tebello: Catalytic behavior of osmium(II), rhodium(III) and ruthenium(II) Phthalocyanines towards the electrooxidation of cysteine on glassy carbon electrodes. Electroanalysis (N Y ) 1997, 9, 1257. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140091608>
  • Viola A., Mannoni P., Chanon M., Julliard M., Mehta G., Maiya B.G., Muthusamy S., Sambaiah T.: Phototoxicity of some novel porphyrin hybrids against the human leukemic cell line TF-1. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 1997, 40, 263. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1011-1344(97)00067-5>
  • Nensala N., Nzimande A., Nyokong T.: Photochemically induced electron transfer between sulfur dioxide and tin(IV) mono- and di-phthalocyanines. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1996, 98, 129. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1010-6030(96)04344-4>
  • Daziano Jean-Pierre, Steenken Steen, Chabannon Christian, Mannoni Patrice, Chanon Michel, Julliard Michel: Photophysical and Redox Properties of a Series of Phthalocyanines: Relation with Their Photodynamic Activities on TF-1 and Daudi Leukemic Cells. Photchem Photbio 1996, 64, 712. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb03129.x>