CrossRef enabled

PAC Archives

Archive →

Pure Appl. Chem., 1994, Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 1003-1010

http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199466051003

The biological properties of carotenoids

N. I. Krinsky

CrossRef Cited-by theme picture

CrossRef Cited-by Linking

  • Guo Wenjing, Tang Hui, Zhang Liping: Lycopene cyclase and phytoene synthase activities in the marine yeast Rhodosporidium diobovatum are encoded by a single gene crtYB. J. Basic Microbiol. 2014, n/a. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jobm.201300920>
  • Hidalgo Alyssa, Brandolini Andrea: Nutritional properties of einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.). J. Sci. Food Agric. 2014, 94, 601. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6382>
  • Chisté Renan Campos, de Toledo Benassi Marta, Mercadante Adriana Zerlotti: Efficiency of Different Solvents on the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from the Amazonian Fruit Caryocar villosum and the Effect on its Antioxidant and Colour Properties. Phytochem. Anal. 2013, n/a. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.2489>
  • Lemmens Lien, Tchuenche Emmanuel S., Loey Ann M., Hendrickx Marc E.: Beta-carotene isomerisation in mango puree as influenced by thermal processing and high-pressure homogenisation. Eur Food Res Technol 2013, 236, 155. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00217-012-1872-y>
  • Knockaert Griet, Pulissery Sudheer K., Lemmens Lien, Van Buggenhout Sandy, Hendrickx Marc, Van Loey Ann: Isomerisation of carrot β-carotene in presence of oil during thermal and combined thermal/high pressure processing. Food Chemistry 2013, 138, 1515. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.080>
  • Li Ying, Fabiano-Tixier Anne Sylvie, Tomao Valérie, Cravotto Giancarlo, Chemat Farid: Green ultrasound-assisted extraction of carotenoids based on the bio-refinery concept using sunflower oil as an alternative solvent. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 2013, 20, 12. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.07.005>
  • Danh Luu Thai, Truong Paul, Mammucari Raffaella, Foster Neil: A critical review of the As uptake mechanisms and phytoremediation potential of Pteris vittata. International Journal of Phytoremediation 2013, 130513112607008. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2013.798613>
  • Foulks Gary N., Borchman Douglas, Yappert Marta, Kakar Shelley: Topical Azithromycin and Oral Doxycycline Therapy of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction. Cornea 2013, 32, 44. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0b013e318254205f>
  • Venzhik Yu. V., Titov A. F., Talanova V. V., Miroslavov E. A., Koteeva N. K.: Structural and functional reorganization of the photosynthetic apparatus in adaptation to cold of wheat plants. Cell Tiss. Biol. 2013, 7, 168. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S1990519X13020132>
  • Araya-Garay J. M., Feijoo-Siota L., Rosa-dos-Santos F., Veiga-Crespo P., Villa T. G.: Construction of new Pichia pastoris X-33 strains for production of lycopene and β-carotene. Appl Micobiol Biotechnol 2012, 93, 2483. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3764-7>
  • Edler Alice U., Friedl Thomas W. P.: Age-related variation in carotenoid-based plumage ornaments of male Red Bishops Euplectes orix . Ornithol 2012, 153, 413. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-011-0757-3>
  • Sharma Krishan Datt, Karki Swati, Thakur Narayan Singh, Attri Surekha: Chemical composition, functional properties and processing of carrot—a review. J Food Sci Technol 2012, 49, 22. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0310-7>
  • Chisté Renan Campos, Freitas Marisa, Mercadante Adriana Zerlotti, Fernandes Eduarda: The potential of extracts of Caryocar villosum pulp to scavenge reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Food Chemistry 2012, 135, 1740. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.027>
  • Aparicio-Ruiz Ramón, Gandul-Rojas Beatriz: Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Neoxanthin, Violaxanthin, and Antheraxanthin in Virgin Olive Oils. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2012, 60, 5180. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf300332m>
  • Chisté Renan Campos, Mercadante Adriana Zerlotti: Identification and Quantification, by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS, of Carotenoids and Phenolic Compounds from the Amazonian Fruit Caryocar villosum. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2012, 60, 5884. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf301904f>
  • Lokaewmanee K., Yamauchi K., Okuda N.: Effects of dietary red pepper on egg yolk colour and histological intestinal morphology in laying hens. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 2012, no. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12011>
  • Maroya Norbert G., Kulakow Peter, Dixon Alfred G. O., Maziya-Dixon Busie B.: Genotype × Environment Interaction of Mosaic Disease, Root Yields and Total Carotene Concentration of Yellow-Fleshed Cassava in Nigeria. International Journal of Agronomy 2012, 2012, 1. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/434675>
  • Tundis Rosa, Loizzo Monica R., Menichini Federica, Bonesi Marco, Conforti Filomena, Statti Giancarlo, Luca Damiano, Cindio Bruno, Menichini Francesco: Comparative Study on the Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Properties and Hypoglycaemic Activities of Two Capsicum annuum L. Cultivars (Acuminatum small and Cerasiferum). Plant Food for Human Nutrition 2011, 66, 261. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11130-011-0248-y>
  • Chisté Renan Campos, Yamashita Fábio, Gozzo Fábio Cesar, Mercadante Adriana Zerlotti: Simultaneous extraction and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array and mass spectrometric detectors of bixin and phenolic compounds from annatto seeds. Journal of Chromatography A 2011, 1218, 57. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.094>
  • Leuko S., Neilan B.A., Burns B.P., Walter M.R., Rothschild L.J.: Molecular assessment of UVC radiation-induced DNA damage repair in the stromatolitic halophilic archaeon, Halococcus hamelinensis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011, 102, 140. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.10.002>
  • de Oliveira Vanessa E., Almeida Eduardo W. C., Castro Harlem V., Edwards Howell G. M., Dos Santos Hélio F., de Oliveira Luiz Fernando C.: Carotenoids and β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes: Raman Spectroscopy and Theoretical Investigation. J Phys Chem A 2011, 115, 8511. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp2028142>
  • Chandi Gurpreet Kaur, Gill Balmeet Singh: Production and Characterization of Microbial Carotenoids as an Alternative to Synthetic Colors: a Review. Int J Food Prop 2011, 14, 503. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10942910903256956>
  • Beleggia Romina, Platani Cristiano, Nigro Franca, Papa Roberto: Yellow Pigment Determination for Single Kernels of Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Journal of Cereal Chemistry 2011, 88, 504. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/CCHEM-02-11-0013>
  • Chisté Renan C., Benassi Marta T., Mercadante Adriana Z.: Effect of solvent type on the extractability of bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity and colour properties of natural annatto extracts : Bioactive compounds from annatto extracts. Int J Food Sci and Technol 2011, 46, 1863. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02693.x>
  • KRINSKY N. I.: ChemInform Abstract: The Biological Properties of Carotenoids. ChemInform 2010, 25, no. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199440294>
  • FitzGeorge-Balfour Tania, Billett David S.M., Wolff George A., Thompson Anu, Tyler Paul A.: Phytopigments as biomarkers of selectivity in abyssal holothurians; interspecific differences in response to a changing food supply. Deep-Sea Research Part II—Topical Studies in Oceanography 2010, 57, 1418. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.01.013>
  • Hidalgo Alyssa, Brandolini Andrea, Pompei Carlo: Carotenoids evolution during pasta, bread and water biscuit preparation from wheat flours. Food Chem 2010, 121, 746. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.01.034>
  • EDLER ALICE U., FRIEDL THOMAS W. P.: Individual quality and carotenoid-based plumage ornaments in male red bishops (Euplectes orix): plumage is not all that counts : INDIVIDUAL QUALITY AND PLUMAGE COLORATION. Biol J Linn 2010, 99, 384. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01354.x>
  • Edler Alice U., Friedl Thomas W. P.: Plumage Colouration, Age, Testosterone and Dominance in Male Red Bishops (Euplectes orix): A Laboratory Experiment : Plumage, Age and Dominance in Red Bishops. ETHOL 2010, no. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2010.01799.x>
  • de Oliveira Vanessa E., Castro Harlem V., Edwards Howell G. M., de Oliveira Luiz Fernando C.: Carotenes and carotenoids in natural biological samples: a Raman spectroscopic analysis. J Raman Spectrosc 2009, 41, 642. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.2493>
  • Briciu R. D., Kot-Wasik A., Namieśnik J., Sârbu C.: A comparative study of the molecular lipophilicity indices of vitamins A and E, and of some precursors of vitamin A, estimated by HPLC and by different computation methods. Acta Chromatographica 2009, 21, 237. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/AChrom.21.2009.2.4>
  • Kwon Hyuck-Se, Shin Hyun-Kyung, Kwon Sang-O, Yeo Kyung-Mok, Kim Sang-Moo, Kim Bok-Nam, Kim Jin-Kyung: Antiinflammatory Effect of Aqueous Extract from Red Pepper on Lipopolysaccharide Induced Inflammatory Responses in Murine Macrophages. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009, 38, 1289. <http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2009.38.10.1289>
  • Patil Ravindra M., Oak Manoj D., Tamhankar Shubhada A., Sourdille Pierre, Rao Veliventi S.: Mapping and validation of a major QTL for yellow pigment content on 7AL in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum). Mol Breeding 2008, 21, 485. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11032-007-9147-1>
  • Eigenbrode Jennifer L.: Fossil Lipids for Life-Detection: A Case Study from the Early Earth Record. Space Sci Rev 2008, 135, 161. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-007-9252-9>
  • Bench Bennie J., Tichy Shane E., Perez Lisa M., Benson Jenna, Watanabe Coran M.H.: Synthesis and cellular effects of cycloterpenals: Cyclohexadienal-based activators of neurite outgrowth. biorg med chem 2008, 16, 7573. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2008.07.030>
  • Sun Yonghong, Li Zhaojun, Guo Bin, Chu Guixin, Wei Changzhou, Liang Yongchao: Arsenic mitigates cadmium toxicity in rice seedlings. Env Exp Bot 2008, 64, 264. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2008.05.009>
  • Cardarelli Claudia R., Benassi Marta de Toledo, Mercadante Adriana Z.: Characterization of different annatto extracts based on antioxidant and colour properties. LWT — Food Science and Technology 2008, 41, 1689. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2007.10.013>
  • Sillanpää Saila, Salminen Juha-Pekka, Lehikoinen Esa, Toivonen Eija, Eeva Tapio: Carotenoids in a food chain along a pollution gradient. Sei Total Environ 2008, 406, 247. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.07.065>
  • Lombardi A.T., Omachi C.Y., Rörig L.R., Macedo R.S.: Effects of the herbicide bentazon on growth and photosystem II maximum quantum yield of the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum. toxicol vitro 2008, 22, 716. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2007.11.012>
  • Oboh G., Puntel R.L., Rocha J.B.T.: Hot pepper (Capsicum annuum, Tepin and Capsicum chinese, Habanero) prevents Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation in brain – in vitro. Food Chem 2007, 102, 178. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.05.048>
  • Kaiser Philipp, Surmann Peter, Vallentin Gerald, Fuhrmann Herbert: A small-scale method for quantitation of carotenoids in bacteria and yeasts. J Microbiol Meths 2007, 70, 142. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2007.04.004>
  • Buzzini Pietro, Innocenti Marzia, Turchetti Benedetta, Libkind Diego, van Broock Maria, Mulinacci Nadia: Carotenoid profiles of yeasts belonging to the genera Rhodotorula, Rhodosporidium, Sporobolomyces, and Sporidiobolus. Can J Microbiol 2007, 53, 1024. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/W07-068>
  • Hidalgo Alyssa, Brandolini Andrea, Pompei Carlo, Piscozzi Roberta: Carotenoids and tocols of einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum L.). J Cereal Chem 2006, 44, 182. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2006.06.002>
  • Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós Ana, Costa Helena S.: Analysis of carotenoids in vegetable and plasma samples: A review. J Food Composition and Analysis 2006, 19, 97. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2005.04.004>
  • Singh Nandita, Ma Lena Q., Srivastava Mrittunjai, Rathinasabapathi Bala: Metabolic adaptations to arsenic-induced oxidative stress in Pteris vittata L and Pteris ensiformis L. Plant Sci (Limerick) 2006, 170, 274. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2005.08.013>
  • Francini A., Galleschi L., Saviozzi F., Pinzino C., Izzo R., Sgherri C., Navari-Izzo F.: Enzymatic and non-enzymatic protective mechanisms in recalcitrant seeds of Araucaria bidwillii subjected to desiccation. Plant Physiol Biochem 2006, 44, 556. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2006.09.002>
  • Granado-Lorencio F, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Blanco-Navarro I, Botella-Romero F, Simal-Antón A: Assessment of carotenoid status and the relation to glycaemic control in type I diabetics: a follow-up study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006, 60, 1000. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602411>
  • Ribeiro Henelyta S., Rico Lino Gran, Badolato Gabriela G., Schubert Helmar: Production of O/W Emulsions Containing Astaxanthin by Repeated Premix Membrane Emulsification. J Fd Sci 2006, 70, E117. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb07083.x>
  • . Arunkumar K. Ramasamy, . V. Udayasuriyan: Isolation and Characterization of a Yellow Pigmented Colony Forming Bacterium for Carotenogenesis . Biotechnology 2006, 5, 79. <http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/biotech.2006.79.82>
  • Pintea Adela, Diehl Horst A., Momeu Carmen, Aberle Lisa, Socaciu Carmen: Incorporation of carotenoid esters into liposomes. biophys chem 2005, 118, 7. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpc.2005.06.007>
  • Buzzini Pietro, Martini Alessandro, Gaetani Massimiliano, Turchetti Benedetta, Pagnoni Ugo Maria, Davoli Paolo: Optimization of carotenoid production by Rhodotorula graminis DBVPG 7021 as a function of trace element concentration by means of response surface analysis. Enzyme Microbiology Technology 2005, 36, 687. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.12.028>
  • Shixian Q., Dai Y., Kakuda Y., Shi J., Mittal G., Yeung D., Jiang Y.: Synergistic Anti-Oxidative Effects of Lycopene with Other Bioactive Compounds. Food Rev Intern 2005, 21, 295. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/FRI-200061612>
  • McEligot Archana Jaiswal, Yang Sun, Meyskens, Jr. Frank L.: REDOX REGULATION BY INTRINSIC SPECIES AND EXTRINSIC NUTRIENTS IN NORMAL AND CANCER CELLS. Annu Rev Nutr 2005, 25, 261. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092633>
  • Halldorsson Arnar, Haraldsson Gudmundur G.: Fatty acid selectivity of microbial lipase and lipolytic enzymes from salmonid fish intestines toward astaxanthin diesters. J Amer Oil Chem Soc 2004, 81, 347. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-004-0905-8>
  • Kiefer Ingrid, Prock Peter, Lawrence Catherine, Wise John, Bieger Wilfried, Bayer Peter, Rathmanner Theres, Kunze Michael, Rieder Anita: Supplementation with Mixed Fruit and Vegetable Juice Concentrates Increased Serum Antioxidants and Folate in Healthy Adults. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 2004, 23, 205. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2004.10719362>
  • Granado F., Olmedilla B., Blanco I.: Carotenoid Depletion in Serum of Young Type-1 Diabetics Fed Low-Carotenoid Diets. Ann Nutr Metab 2004, 48, 251. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000080459>
  • Assunção Raquel B., Mercadante Adriana Z.: Carotenoids and ascorbic acid composition from commercial products of cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.). J Food Composition and Analysis 2003, 16, 647. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0889-1575(03)00098-X>
  • Murkovic M., Mülleder U., Neunteufl H.: Carotenoid Content in Different Varieties of Pumpkins. J Food Composition and Analysis 2002, 15, 633. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jfca.2002.1052>
  • Römer S., Lübeck J., Kauder F., Steiger S., Adomat C., Sandmann G.: Genetic Engineering of a Zeaxanthin-rich Potato by Antisense Inactivation and Co-suppression of Carotenoid Epoxidation. Metab Eng 2002, 4, 263. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mben.2002.0234>
  • Steiger Sabine, Takaichi Shinichi, Sandmann Gerhard: Heterologous production of two unusual acyclic carotenoids, 1,1′-dihydroxy-3,4-didehydrolycopene and 1-hydroxy-3,4,3′,4′-tetradehydrolycopene by combination of the crtC and crtD genes from Rhodobacter and Rubrivivax. J Biotechnol 2002, 97, 51. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1656(02)00055-X>
  • Socaciu Carmen, Bojarski Piotr, Aberle Lisa, Diehl Horst A: Different ways to insert carotenoids into liposomes affect structure and dynamics of the bilayer differently. biophys chem 2002, 99, 1. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4622(02)00111-4>
  • Kim Seon-Won, Keasling J. D.: Metabolic engineering of the nonmevalonate isopentenyl diphosphate synthesis pathway inEscherichia coli enhances lycopene production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2001, 72, 408. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0290(20000220)72:4<408::AID-BIT1003>3.0.CO;2-H>
  • von Lintig Johannes, Wyss Adrian: Molecular Analysis of Vitamin A Formation: Cloning and Characterization of β-Carotene 15,15′-Dioxygenases. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 2001, 385, 47. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abbi.2000.2096>
  • Hamano P.S., Mercadante A.Z.: Composition of Carotenoids from Commercial Products of Caja (Spondias lutea). J Food Composition and Analysis 2001, 14, 335. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jfca.2000.0975>
  • Pocker Y.: Bioinorganic and bioorganic studies of liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Chemico Biological Interactions 2001, 130-132, 383. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2797(00)00263-5>
  • Beihui Liu, Kun Lee Yuan: In vitro biosynthesis of xanthophylls by cell extractsof a green alga Chlorococcum. Plant Physiol Biochem 2001, 39, 147. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0981-9428(00)01221-3>
  • Matsuno Takao: Aquatic animal carotenoids. Fisheries Sci 2001, 67, 771. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1444-2906.2001.00323.x>
  • Murkovic M., Gams K., Draxl S., Pfannhauser W.: Development of an Austrian Carotenoid Database. J Food Composition and Analysis 2000, 13, 435. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jfca.2000.0909>
  • Sujak Agnieszka, Okulski Witold, Gruszecki Wiesław I.: Organisation of xanthophyll pigments lutein and zeaxanthin in lipid membranes formed with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2000, 1509, 255. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-2736(00)00299-6>
  • Rengel D, Dı́ez-Navajas A, Serna-Rico A, Veiga P, Muga A, Milicua J.C.G: Exogenously incorporated ketocarotenoids in large unilamellar vesicles. Protective activity against peroxidation. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2000, 1463, 179. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-2736(99)00194-7>
  • Albrecht Manuela, Takaichi Shinichi, Steiger Sabine, Wang Zheng-Yu, Sandmann Gerhard: Novel hydroxycarotenoids with improved antioxidative properties produced by gene combination in Escherichia coli. Natl Biotechnol 2000, 18, 843. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/78443>
  • Xu Xiaoying, Wang Yan, Constantinou Andreas I., Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis Maria, Bowen Phyllis E., Breemen Richard B.: Solubilization and stabilization of carotenoids using micelles: Delivery of lycopene to cells in culture. Lipid 1999, 34, 1031. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11745-999-0454-9>
  • Zürcher Marcel, Pfander Hanspeter: Oxidation of carotenoids — II: Ozonides as products of the oxidation of canthaxanthin. Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 2307. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(99)00016-2>
  • Sandmann Gerhard, Albrecht Manuela, Schnurr Georg, Knörzer Oliver, Böger Peter: The biotechnological potential and design of novel carotenoids by gene combination in Escherichia coli. Trends in Biotechnol 1999, 17, 233. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7799(99)01307-4>
  • Asgarani Ezat, Funamizu Hirofumi, Saito Takeshi, Terato Hiroaki, Ohyama Yoshihiko, Yamamoto Osamu, Ide Hiroshi: Mechanisms of DNA protection in Halobacterium salinarium, an extremely halophilic bacterium. Microbiol Res 1999, 154, 185. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0944-5013(99)80013-5>
  • Christen William, Buring Julie, Manson JoAnn, Hennekens Charles: Curr Opin Lipidol 1999, 10, 29. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00041433-199902000-00006>
  • Kawakami Takahiro, Tsushima Miyuki, Katabami Yasushi, Mine Minoru, Ishida Akira, Matsuno Takao: Effect of β,β-carotene, β-echinenone, astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, vitamin A and vitamin E on the biological defense of the sea urchin Pseudocentrotus depressus. J Expl Mar Biol Ecol 1998, 226, 165. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(97)00236-0>
  • KRINSKY NORMAN I.: The Antioxidant and Biological Properties of the Carotenoidsa. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998, 854, 443. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09923.x>
  • Zürcher Marcel, Niggli Urs A., Steck Andrea, Pfander Hanspeter: Oxidation of carotenoids — I. Dihydrooxepin derivatives as products of oxidation of canthaxanthin and β,β-carotene. Tetrahetron Lett 1997, 38, 7853. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(97)10097-1>
  • Rock Cheryl L.: Carotenoids: Biology and treatment. Pharmacol Ther 1997, 75, 185. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00054-5>
  • Albrecht M, Takaichi S, Misawa N, Schnurr G, Böger P, Sandmann G: Synthesis of atypical cyclic and acyclic hydroxy carotenoids in Escherichia coli transformants. J Biotechnol 1997, 58, 177. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1656(97)00151-X>
  • TSUSHLMA MIYUKI, KAWAKAMI TAKAHIRO, MINE MINORU, MATSUNO TAKAO: The role of carotenoids in the development of the sea urchin Pseudocentrotus depressus. Inv Reprod Dev 1997, 32, 149. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1997.9672616>
  • Partali Vassilia, Kvittingen Lise, Sliwka Hans-Richard, Anthonsen Thorleif: Stabile, hochungesättigte Glyceride – enzymatische Synthese mit einer Carotinoidsäure. Angew Chem 1996, 108, 342. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19961080317>
  • Gabrielska Janina, Gruszecki Wiesław I.: Zeaxanthin (dihydroxy-β-carotene) but not β-carotene rigidifies lipid membranes: a 1H-NMR study of carotenoid-egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 1996, 1285, 167. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-2736(96)00152-6>
  • Breitenbach Jürgen, Misawa Norihiko, Kajiwara Susumu, Sandmann Gerhard: Expression in Escherichia coli and properties of the carotene ketolase from Haematococcus pluvialis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1996, 140, 241. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08343.x>
  • Krinsky Norman I.: Effects of carotenoids on cells. Molec Aspects Med 1993, 14, 241. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-2997(93)90010-B>