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Pure Appl. Chem., 1982, Vol. 54, No. 2, pp. 415-438

http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac198254020415

Advances in ESCA applied to polymer characterization

D. T. Clark

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  • Hareesh K., Ranganathaiah C., Ramya P., Bhargavi R., Nair Geetha G., Sangappa, Sanjeev Ganesh: Variation of lexan polycarbonate properties by electron beam. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2013, 127, 2010. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.37589>
  • Joshi Ranjit, Friedrich Jörg, Wagner Manfred: Role of Hydrogen Peroxide in Selective OH Group Functionalization of Polypropylene Surfaces using Underwater Capillary Discharge. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 2011, 25, 283. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/016942410X520862>
  • Shariff G, Sathyanarayana P.M, Thimmegowda M.C, Ashalatha M.B, Ramani R, Avasthi D.K, Ranganathaiah C: Influence of ion-irradiation on the free volume controlled diffusion process in polycarbonate—a positron lifetime study. Poly 2002, 43, 2819. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00088-5>
  • Shariff Gani, Sathyanarayana P.M., Thimmegowda M.C., Ashalatha M.B., Ramani R., Ranganathaiah C.: Positron lifetime study of diffusion kinetics in electron irradiated polycarbonate. Polym Deg Stabil 2002, 76, 265. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(02)00023-X>
  • Sathyanarayana P.M., Shariff Gani, Thimmegowda M.C., Ashalatha M.B., Ramani R., Ranganathaiah C.: A positron lifetime study of structural relaxation in UV irradiated poly (ethylene terephthalate). Polym Deg Stabil 2002, 78, 449. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(02)00183-0>
  • Povstugar V. I., Mikhailova S. S., Shakov A. A.: Chemical derivatization techniques in the determination of functional groups by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. J Anal Chem 2000, 55, 405. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02757474>
  • Ramani R, Ranganathaiah C: Degradation of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and polycarbonate by UV irradiation. Polym Deg Stabil 2000, 69, 347. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(00)00081-1>
  • Quellec P., Gref R., Dellacherie E., Sommer F., Tran M. D., Alonso M. J.: Protein encapsulation within poly(ethylene glycol)-coated nanospheres. II. Controlled release properties. J Biomed Mater Res 1999, 47, 388. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(19991205)47:3<388::AID-JBM14>3.0.CO;2-V>
  • Quellec P., Gref R., Perrin L., Dellacherie E., Sommer F., Verbavatz J. M., Alonso M. J.: Protein encapsulation within polyethylene glycol-coated nanospheres. I. Physicochemical characterization. J Biomed Mater Res 1998, 42, 45. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(199810)42:1<45::AID-JBM7>3.0.CO;2-O>
  • López Gabriel P., Ratner Buddy D.: Molecular adsorption and the chemistry of plasma-deposited thin organic films: Deposition of oligomers of ethylene glycol. Plasmas Polym 1996, 1, 127. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02532823>
  • Mukherjee Debabrata, Kulkarni Ashish, Gill William N.: Chemical treatment for improved performance of reverse osmosis membranes. Desalinisation 1996, 104, 239. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(96)00047-1>
  • Itagaki Hideyuki, Umeda Yoshiko: Photophysical studies of amorphous solids of bisphenol A polycarbonate. Polymer (Guilford) 1995, 36, 29. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(95)90671-N>
  • White J. R., Turnbull A.: Weathering of polymers: mechanisms of degradation and stabilization, testing strategies and modelling. J Materials Sci 1994, 29, 584. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445969>
  • Mukherjee Debabrata, Kulkarni Ashish, Gill William N.: Flux enhancement of reverse osmosis membranes by chemical surface modification. J Membr Sci 1994, 97, 231. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-7388(94)00165-U>
  • Flösch Dietmar, Clarotti Giorgio, Geckeler Kurt E., Schué François, Göpel Wolfgang: Characterization of plasma-treated poly (hydroxybutyrate) membrane surfaces by ESCA and contact angle measurements. J  Membr Sci 1992, 73, 163. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-7388(92)80126-5>
  • Rätzsch Manfred, Jacobasch Hans-Jörg, Freitag Karl-Heinz: Origin, characterization and technological effects of interaction forces proceeding from polymer surfaces. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 1990, 31, 225. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-8686(90)80007-M>
  • Pratt G.J., Smith M.J.A.: Ultraviolet degradation and stabilization in poly(dian carbonate): Dielectric measurements. Polym Deg Stabil 1989, 25, 267. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(89)81011-0>
  • Siperko Lorraine M., Thomas Richard R.: Chemical and physical modification of fluoropolymer surfaces for adhesion enhancement: a review. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 1989, 3, 157. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156856189X00137>
  • Sugimoto Iwao, Miyake Shojiro: Ultraviolet-light irradiation of a radio-frequency plasma applied to fluoropolymer sputtering deposition. J Appl Phys 1988, 64, 2700. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.341611>
  • Ostmeyer Jeffrey C., Elder Thomas J., Littrell Donald M., Tatarchuk Bruce J., Winandy Jerrold E.: Spectroscopic Analysis of Southern Pine Treated with Chromater Copper Arsenate. I. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)-17. J Wood Chem Technol 1988, 8, 413. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02773818808070693>
  • Gillberg Gunilla: Polymer Surface Characterization: An Overview. The J of Adhesion 1987, 21, 129. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00218468708074963>
  • Srinivasan R., Lazare Sylvain: Modification of polymer surfaces by far-ultraviolet radiation of low and high (laser) intensities. Poly 1985, 26, 1297. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(85)90302-7>
  • Povstugar V.I., Tyurin S.A., Kodolov V.I.: Study of polymeric materials by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy review. Polymer Science U.S.S.R. 1985, 27, 1. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(85)90089-9>
  • Munro H.S., Till C.: A preliminary electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis investigation of the plasma copolymerization of tetramethyltin and perfluorobenzene. This Solid Films 1985, 131, 255. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090(85)90145-2>
  • Eriksson J.C., Go¨lander C.-G., Baszkin A., Ter-minassian-saraga L.: Characterization of kmno4/h2so4-oxidized polyethylene surfaces by means of ESCA and45ca2+ adsorption. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 1984, 100, 381. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(84)90443-0>
  • Clark D.T., Munro H.S.: An e.s.c.a. investigation of the surface oxidation of bisphenol A polycarbonate films induced by reactive oxygen species. Poly 1984, 25, 826. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(84)90014-4>
  • Clark D.T., Munro H.S.: Surface and bulk aspects of the natural and artificial photo-ageing of Bisphenol A polycarbonate as revealed by ESCA and difference UV spectroscopy. Polym Deg Stabil 1984, 8, 195. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(84)90018-1>
  • Clark D.T., Munro H.S.: Some surface aspects of the photo-oxidation of polystyrene films as revealed by ESCA: Part I—Irradiations in oxygen. Polym Deg Stabil 1984, 8, 213. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(84)90019-3>
  • Clark D.T., Munro H.S.: Some surface aspects of the photo-oxidation of polystyrene films as revealed by ESCA: Part II—Irradiations in air. Polym Deg Stabil 1984, 9, 63. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(84)90038-7>
  • Clark David T., Wilson Rosemary: ESCA applied to aspects of coal surface chemistry. Fuel Lond 1983, 62, 1034. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(83)90136-9>
  • Clark D.T., Munro H.S.: Surface aspects of the photo-degradation of bisphenol A polycarbonate, in oxygen and air as a function of relative humidity, as revealed by ESCA. Polym Deg Stabil 1983, 5, 227. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(83)90013-7>