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Pure Appl. Chem., 2005, Vol. 77, No. 11, pp. 1807-1821

http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200577111807

Kinetics of electrophile-nucleophile combinations: A general approach to polar organic reactivity

Herbert Mayr and Armin R. Ofial

Department Chemie und Biochemie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (Haus F), 81377 München, Germany

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  • Laub Hans A., Evano Gwilherm, Mayr Herbert: Hydrocarbierung von CC-Bindungen: Quantifizierung der nucleophilen Reaktivität von Inamiden. Angew. Chem. 2014, n/a. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201402055>
  • Laub Hans A., Evano Gwilherm, Mayr Herbert: Hydrocarbation of CC Bonds: Quantification of the Nucleophilic Reactivity of Ynamides. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, n/a. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201402055>
  • Laub Hans A., Mayr Herbert: Electrophilic Alkylations of Vinylsilanes: A Comparison of α- and β-Silyl Effects. Chem. Eur. J. 2014, 20, 1103. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201303215>
  • Allgäuer Dominik S., Mayr Herbert: Electrophilicities of 1,2-Disubstituted Ethylenes. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2014, n/a. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201301779>
  • Dhahri Nejeh, Taoufik Boubaker, Goumont Régis: Kinetics of alkaline hydrolysis of p-substituted benzylidenemalononitriles in 50% aqueous acetonitrile: substituent effects and quantification of the electrophilic reactivity. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2014, n/a. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.3286>
  • Trillo Paz, Baeza Alejandro, Nájera Carmen: Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Alkylation of β-Keto Esters with Xanthydrols. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2013, 355, 2815. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsc.201300627>
  • Maji Biplab, Mayr Herbert: Struktur und ambidente Reaktivität von Azolium-Enolaten. Angew. Chem. 2013, 125, 11370. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201303524>
  • Maji Biplab, Troshin Konstantin, Mayr Herbert: Ambidente Reaktivität von Formaldehyd-N ,N -dialkylhydrazonen. Angew. Chem. 2013, 125, 12116. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201305092>
  • Maji Biplab, Mayr Herbert: Structures and Ambident Reactivities of Azolium Enolates. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 11163. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201303524>
  • Maji Biplab, Troshin Konstantin, Mayr Herbert: Ambident Reactivities of Formaldehyde N ,N -Dialkylhydrazones. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 11900. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201305092>
  • Tandon Raman, Unzner Teresa, Nigst Tobias A., De Rycke Nicolas, Mayer Peter, Wendt Bernd, David Olivier R. P., Zipse Hendrik: Annelated Pyridines as Highly Nucleophilic and Lewis Basic Catalysts for Acylation Reactions. Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 6435. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201204452>
  • Nigst Tobias A., Mayr Herbert: Comparison of the Electrophilic Reactivities of N -Acylpyridinium Ions and Other Acylating Agents. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2013, 2013, 2155. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201201540>
  • Maji Biplab, Baidya Mahiuddin, Ammer Johannes, Kobayashi Shinjiro, Mayer Peter, Ofial Armin R., Mayr Herbert: Nucleophilic Reactivities and Lewis Basicities of 2-Imidazolines and Related N-Heterocyclic Compounds. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2013, 2013, 3369. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201300213>
  • Corral-Bautista Francisco, Mayr Herbert: Quantification of the Nucleophilic Reactivities of Ethyl Arylacetate Anions. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2013, 2013, 4255. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201300265>
  • Petruzziello Diego, Gualandi Andrea, Jaffar Hamza, Lopez-Carrillo Veronica, Cozzi Pier Giorgio: The Facile and Direct Formylation of Organoboron Aromatic Compounds with Benzodithiolylium Tetrafluoroborate. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2013, 2013, 4909. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201300529>
  • Nekipelova Tatiana D., Lygo Olga N., Khodot Evgenii N., Kurkovskaya Lidiya N.: Effect of microheterogeneity of CF3 CH2 OH-H2 O mixed solvent on reactions of carbocations from 1,2,2,3-tetramethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2013, 26, 583. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.3135>
  • Yang Yuan-Liang, Wei Yin, Xu Qin, Shi Min: Nitrogen-containing Lewis bases catalyzed highly regio- and stereoselective reactions of allenyl acetates with isatin-derived oximes. Tetrahedron 2013, 69, 3593. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2013.02.070>
  • Kiyooka Syun-ichi, Kaneno Daisuke, Fujiyama Ryoji: Intrinsic reactivity index as a single scale directed toward both electrophilicity and nucleophilicity using frontier molecular orbitals. Tetrahedron 2013, 69, 4247. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2013.03.083>
  • Kiyooka Syun-ichi, Kaneno Daisuke, Fujiyama Ryoji: Parr’s index to describe both electrophilicity and nucleophilicity. Tetrahedron Letters 2013, 54, 339. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.11.039>
  • Appel Roland, Chelli Saloua, Tokuyasu Takahiro, Troshin Konstantin, Mayr Herbert: Electrophilicities of Benzaldehyde-Derived Iminium Ions: Quantification of the Electrophilic Activation of Aldehydes by Iminium Formation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 6579. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja401106x>
  • Berionni Guillaume, Morozova Varvara, Heininger Maximilian, Mayer Peter, Knochel Paul, Mayr Herbert: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitutions of Aryltrifluoroborates with Retention of the BF3– Group: Quantification of the Activating and Directing Effects of the Trifluoroborate Group. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 6317. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja4017655>
  • Guo Xingwei, Mayr Herbert: Manifestation of Polar Reaction Pathways of 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 12377. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja405890d>
  • Allgäuer Dominik S., Mayer Peter, Mayr Herbert: Nucleophilicity Parameters of Pyridinium Ylides and Their Use in Mechanistic Analyses. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 15216. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja407885h>
  • Chamorro Eduardo, Duque-Noreña Mario, Notario Rafael, Pérez Patricia: Intrinsic Relative Scales of Electrophilicity and Nucleophilicity. J. Phys. Chem. A 2013, 117, 2636. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp312143t>
  • Wilsdorf Michael, Leichnitz Daniel, Reissig Hans-Ulrich: Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid Catalyzed Friedel–Crafts Alkylations of 1,2,4-Trimethoxybenzene with Aldehydes or Benzylic Alcohols. Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 2494. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol400972m>
  • Samanta Ramesh C., Maji Biplab, De Sarkar Suman, Bergander Klaus, Fröhlich Roland, Mück-Lichtenfeld Christian, Mayr Herbert, Studer Armido: Nukleophile Addition von Enolen und Enaminen an α,β-ungesättigte Acylazoliumionen: Mechanistische Studien. Angew. Chem. 2012, 124, 5325. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201109042>
  • Lakhdar Sami, Maji Biplab, Mayr Herbert: Enamine aus Imidazolidinonen: Nucleophile mit geringer Reaktivität. Angew. Chem. 2012, 124, 5837. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201201240>
  • Maji Biplab, Horn Markus, Mayr Herbert: Nucleophile Reaktivitäten von Desoxy-Breslow-Intermediaten: Wie beeinflusst Aromatizität die katalytische Aktivität N-heterocyclischer Carbene?. Angew. Chem. 2012, 124, 6335. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201202327>
  • Maji Biplab, Mayr Herbert: Struktur und Reaktivität O-methylierter Breslow-Intermediate. Angew. Chem. 2012, 124, 10554. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201204524>
  • Samanta Ramesh C., Maji Biplab, De Sarkar Suman, Bergander Klaus, Fröhlich Roland, Mück-Lichtenfeld Christian, Mayr Herbert, Studer Armido: Nucleophilic Addition of Enols and Enamines to α,β-Unsaturated Acyl Azoliums: Mechanistic Studies. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 5234. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201109042>
  • Lakhdar Sami, Maji Biplab, Mayr Herbert: Imidazolidinone-Derived Enamines: Nucleophiles with Low Reactivity. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 5739. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201201240>
  • Maji Biplab, Horn Markus, Mayr Herbert: Nucleophilic Reactivities of Deoxy Breslow Intermediates: How Does Aromaticity Affect the Catalytic Activities of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes?. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 6231. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201202327>
  • Maji Biplab, Mayr Herbert: Structures and Reactivities of O-Methylated Breslow Intermediates. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 10408. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201204524>
  • Asahara Haruyasu, Mayr Herbert: Electrophilicities of Bissulfonyl Ethylenes. Chem. Asian J. 2012, 7, 1401. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asia.201101046>
  • Maji Biplab, Stephenson David S., Mayr Herbert: Guanidines: Highly Nucleophilic Organocatalysts. ChemCatChem 2012, 4, 993. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201200143>
  • Breugst Martin, Corral Bautista Francisco, Mayr Herbert: Nucleophilic Reactivities of the Anions of Nucleobases and Their Subunits. Chemistry A European Journal 2012, 18, 127. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201102411>
  • Maji Biplab, Lakhdar Sami, Mayr Herbert: Nucleophilicity Parameters of Enamides and Their Implications for Organocatalytic Transformations. Chemistry A European Journal 2012, 18, 5732. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201103519>
  • Mantilli Luca, Gérard David, Besnard Céline, Mazet Clément: Structure-Activity Relationship in the Iridium-Catalyzed Isomerization of Primary Allylic Alcohols. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2012, 2012, 3320. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201200369>
  • Vleeschouwer Freija, Geerlings Paul, Proft Frank: Radical electrophilicities in solvent. Theor Chem Accounts 2012, 131, 1245. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00214-012-1245-4>
  • Vistoli Giulio, Carini Marina, Aldini Giancarlo: Transforming dietary peptides in promising lead compounds: the case of bioavailable carnosine analogs. Amino Acids 2012, 43, 111. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-012-1224-z>
  • Ammer Johannes, Nolte Christoph, Mayr Herbert: Free Energy Relationships for Reactions of Substituted Benzhydrylium Ions: From Enthalpy over Entropy to Diffusion Control. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 13902. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja306522b>
  • Nigst Tobias A., Antipova Anna, Mayr Herbert: Nucleophilic Reactivities of Hydrazines and Amines: The Futile Search for the α-Effect in Hydrazine Reactivities. J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 8142. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo301497g>
  • Morell Christophe, Herrera Bárbara, Gutiérrez-Oliva Soledad, Cerón Maria-Luisa, Grand André, Toro-Labbé Alejandro: A Relation between Different Scales of Electrophilicity: Are the Scales Consistent Along a Chemical Reaction?. J. Phys. Chem. A 2012, 116, 7074. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp209955c>
  • Laub Hans A., Gladow Daniel, Reissig Hans-Ulrich, Mayr Herbert: The Influence of Perfluorinated Substituents on the Nucleophilic Reactivities of Silyl Enol Ethers. Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 3990. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol301766w>
  • Lakhdar Sami, Baidya Mahiuddin, Mayr Herbert: Kinetics and mechanism of organocatalytic aza-Michael additions: direct observation of enamine intermediates. Chem Commn 2012, 48, 4504. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cc31224g>
  • Bernhammer Jan Christopher, Huynh Han Vinh: Correlation of spectroscopically determined ligand donor strength and nucleophilicity of substituted pyrazoles. Dalton Trans. 2012, 41, 8600. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2dt30526g>
  • Berionni Guillaume, Maji Biplab, Knochel Paul, Mayr Herbert: Nucleophilicity parameters for designing transition metal-free C–C bond forming reactions of organoboron compounds. Chem Sci 2012, 3, 878. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2sc00883a>
  • Kurbatov Sergey, Lakhdar Sami, Goumont Regis, Terrier François: Super-electrophilic 10π Heteroaromatics. New Mechanistic and Synthetic Applications. Organic Preparations and Procedures International 2012, 44, 289. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00304948.2012.697701>
  • Maji Biplab, Breugst Martin, Mayr Herbert: N-Heterocyclische Carbene: Organokatalysatoren mit mäßiger Nucleophilie, aber außerordentlich hoher Lewis-Basizität. angew chemie 2011, 123, 7047. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201102435>
  • Lakhdar Sami, Ammer Johannes, Mayr Herbert: Laserblitzphotolytische Erzeugung α,β-ungesättigter Iminium-Ionen. angew chemie 2011, 123, 10127. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201103683>
  • Mayr Herbert, Breugst Martin, Ofial Armin R.: Farewell to the HSAB Treatment of Ambident Reactivity. Angewandte Chemie-Int Ed 2011, 50, 6470. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201007100>
  • Breugst Martin, Maji Biplab, Mayr Herbert: N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Organocatalysts with Moderate Nucleophilicity but Extraordinarily High Lewis Basicity. Angew Chem Int E 2011, 50, 6915. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201102435>
  • Lakhdar Sami, Ammer Johannes, Mayr Herbert: Generation of α,β-Unsaturated Iminium Ions by Laser Flash Photolysis. Angew Chem Int E 2011, 50, 9953. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201103683>
  • De Rycke Nicolas, Couty François, David Olivier R. P.: Increasing the Reactivity of Nitrogen Catalysts. Chemistry A European Journal 2011, 17, 12852. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201101755>
  • Streidl Nicolas, Mayr Herbert: Ionizing Power of Aprotic Solvents. Eur J Org Chem 2011, 2011, 2498. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201001700>
  • Berionni Guillaume, Branca Mathieu, Pégot Bruce, Marrot Jérome, Kizilian Elyane, Goumont Régis: The N-Alkylation of Substituted 4-Tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines: Easy Access to a New Series of Electrophiles. Eur J Org Chem 2011, 2011, 5104. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201100595>
  • Zimniak Piotr: Relationship of electrophilic stress to aging. Radic Biol Med 2011, 51, 1087. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.039>
  • Appel Roland, Mayr Herbert: Quantification of the Electrophilic Reactivities of Aldehydes, Imines, and Enones. J Am Chem Soc 2011, 133, 8240. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja200820m>
  • Larouche-Gauthier Robin, Elford Tim G., Aggarwal Varinder K.: Ate Complexes of Secondary Boronic Esters as Chiral Organometallic-Type Nucleophiles for Asymmetric Synthesis. S J Am Chem Soc 2011, 133, 16794. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja2077813>
  • Maji Biplab, Joannesse Caroline, Nigst Tobias A., Smith Andrew D., Mayr Herbert: Nucleophilicities and Lewis Basicities of Isothiourea Derivatives. J Org Chem 2011, 76, 5104. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo200803x>
  • Pereira Florbela, Latino Diogo A. R. S., Aires-de-Sousa Joao: Estimation of Mayr Electrophilicity with a Quantitative Structure–Property Relationship Approach Using Empirical and DFT Descriptors. J Org Chern 2011, 76, 9312. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo201562f>
  • Zenz Ivo, Mayr Herbert: Electrophilicities of trans-β-Nitrostyrenes. J Org Chern 2011, 76, 9370. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo201678u>
  • Lakhdar Sami, Mayr Herbert: Counterion effects in iminium-activated electrophilic aromatic substitutions of pyrroles. Chem Commun 2011, 47, 1866. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0cc04295a>
  • Duan Xin-Hua, Maji Biplab, Mayr Herbert: Characterization of the nucleophilic reactivities of thiocarboxylate, dithiocarbonate and dithiocarbamate anions. Biomol Chem 2011, 9, 8046. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1ob06245j>
  • Benfatti Fides, Benedetto Elena, Cozzi Pier Giorgio: Organocatalytic Stereoselective α-Alkylation of Aldehydes with Stable Carbocations. Chem —Asian J 2010, 5, 2047. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asia.201000160>
  • Wang Chen, Fu Yao, Guo Qing-Xiang, Liu Lei: First-Principles Prediction of Nucleophilicity Parameters for π Nucleophiles: Implications for Mechanistic Origin of Mayr’s Equation. Chem Eur J 2010, 16, 2586. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.200902484>
  • Baidya Mahiuddin, Remennikov Grygoriy Y., Mayer Peter, Mayr Herbert: SN2’ versus SN2 Reactivity: Control of Regioselectivity in Conversions of Baylis-Hillman Adducts. Chem Eur J 2010, 16, 1365. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.200902487>
  • Horn Markus, Mayr Herbert: Electrophilicity versus Electrofugality of Tritylium Ions in Aqueous Acetonitrile. Chem Eur J 2010, 16, 7478. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.200902670>
  • Lakhdar Sami, Terrier François, Vichard Dominique, Berionni Guillaume, El Guesmi Nizar, Goumont Régis, Boubaker Taoufik: The Diels-Alder Reaction of 4,6-Dinitrobenzofuroxan with 1-Trimethylsilyloxybuta-1,3-diene: A Case Example of a Stepwise Cycloaddition. Chemistry - A European Journal 2010, 16, 5681. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.200903008>
  • Kanzian Tanja, Nicolini Simona, De Crescentini Lucia, Attanasi Orazio A., Ofial Armin R., Mayr Herbert: Electrophilic Reactivities of 1,2-Diaza-1,3-dienes. Chem Eur J 2010, 16, 12008. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201000828>
  • Appel Roland, Mayr Herbert: Nucleophilic Reactivities of Sulfur Ylides and Related Carbanions: Comparison with Structurally Related Organophosphorus Compounds. Chem Eur J 2010, 16, 8610. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201001455>
  • Kanzian Tanja, Mayr Herbert: Electrophilic Reactivities of Azodicarboxylates. Chem Eur J 2010, 16, 11670. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201001598>
  • Mayr Herbert, Nolte Christoph: Kinetics of the Solvolyses of Fluoro-Substituted Benzhydryl Derivatives: Reference Electrofuges for the Development of a Comprehensive Nucleofugality Scale. Eur J Org Chem 2010, 2010, 01435. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200901400>
  • Langhals Heinz, Pust Tim: Axially Extended Perylene Dyes. Eur J Org Chem 2010, 2010, 3140. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201000230>
  • Streidl Nicolas, Branzan Ramona, Mayr Herbert: Nucleophilicities and Nucleofugalities of Organic Carbonates. Eur J Org Chem 2010, 2010, 4205. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201000414>
  • Mayr Herbert, Ofial Armin R.: Und es geht doch: Nucleophilieskalen für die Syntheseplanung. Nachr Chem 2010, 56, 871. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nadc.200858379>
  • Ammer Johannes, Baidya Mahiuddin, Kobayashi Shinjiro, Mayr Herbert: Nucleophilic reactivities of tertiary alkylamines. J Phys Org Chem 2010, 23, 1029. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.1707>
  • Lakhdar Sami, Ofial Armin R., Mayr Herbert: Reactivity parameters for rationalizing iminium-catalyzed reactions. J Phys Org Chem 2010, 23, 886. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.1737>
  • Appel Roland, Hartmann Nicolai, Mayr Herbert: Scope and Limitations of Cyclopropanations with Sulfur Ylides. J Am Chem Soc 2010, 132, 17894. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja1084749>
  • Baidya Mahiuddin, Kobayashi Shinjiro, Mayr Herbert: Nucleophilicity and Nucleofugality of Phenylsulfinate (PhSO2): A Key to Understanding its Ambident Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2010, 132, 4796. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja9102056>
  • Buncel Erwin, Terrier François: Assessing the superelectrophilic dimension through σ-complexation, SNAr and Diels–Alder reactivity. Org Biomol Chem 2010, 8, 2285. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b923983a>
  • Baidya Mahiuddin, Brotzel Frank, Mayr Herbert: Nucleophilicities and Lewis basicities of imidazoles, benzimidazoles, and benzotriazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2010, 8, 1929. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c000965b>
  • Richter Dorothea, Mayr Herbert: Hydrid-Donor-Stärke von 1,4-Dihydropyridinen: ein Vergleich mit π-Nucleophilen und Borhydrid-Anionen. Angew Chem 2009, 121, 1992. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200804263>
  • Lakhdar Sami, Appel Roland, Mayr Herbert: Wie werden Iminium-katalysierte Cyclopropanierungen durch elektrostatische Aktivierung gesteuert?. Angew Chem 2009, 121, 5134. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200900933>
  • Richter Dorothea, Mayr Herbert: Hydride-Donor Abilities of 1,4-Dihydropyridines: A Comparison with π Nucleophiles and Borohydride Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed 2009, 48, 1958. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200804263>
  • Lakhdar Sami, Appel Roland, Mayr Herbert: How Does Electrostatic Activation Control Iminium-Catalyzed Cyclopropanations?. Angew Chem Int Ed 2009, 48, 5034. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200900933>
  • Shi Lei, Horn Markus, Kobayashi Shinjiro, Mayr Herbert: Carbocationic n-endo-trig Cyclizations. Chem Eur J 2009, 15, 8533. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.200901246>
  • Kędziorek Mariusz, Mayer Peter, Mayr Herbert: Nucleophilic Reactivities of Azulene and Fulvenes. Eur J Org Chem 2009, 2009, 1202. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200801099>
  • Richter Dorothea, Hampel Nathalie, Singer Thomas, Ofial Armin R., Mayr Herbert: Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Quinone Methides: Reference Electrophiles for the Construction of Nucleophilicity Scales. Eur J Org Chem 2009, 2009, 3203. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200900299>
  • Kanzian Tanja, Nigst Tobias A., Maier Andreas, Pichl Stefan, Mayr Herbert: Nucleophilic Reactivities of Primary and Secondary Amines in Acetonitrile. Eur J Org Chem 2009, 2009, 6379. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200900925>
  • Lam Yu-hong, Stanway Steven J., Gouverneur Véronique: Recent progress in the use of fluoroorganic compounds in pericyclic reactions. Tetrahedron 2009, 65, 9905. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2009.08.005>
  • Chamorro Eduardo, Duque-Nore��a Mario, P��rez Patricia, Huang Genping, Xia Yuanzhi, Li Yahong, Maiti Pravat Kumar: A comparison between theoretical and experimental models of electrophilicity and nucleophilicity. Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM 2009, 896, 73. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theochem.2008.11.009>
  • Appel Roland, Loos Robert, Mayr Herbert: Nucleophilicity Parameters for Phosphoryl-Stabilized Carbanions and Phosphorus Ylides: Implications for Wittig and Related Olefination Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2009, 131, 704. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja8056216>
  • Phan Thanh Binh, Nolte Christoph, Kobayashi Shinjiro, Ofial Armin R., Mayr Herbert: Can One Predict Changes from SN1 to SN2 Mechanisms?. J Am Chem Soc 2009, 131, 11392. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja903207b>
  • Cozzi Pier Giorgio, Zoli Luca: A Rational Approach towards the Nucleophilic Substitutions of Alcohols “on Water”. Angew Chem 2008, 120, 4230. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200800622>
  • Lakhdar Sami, Tokuyasu Takahiro, Mayr Herbert: Elektrophile Reaktivität α,β-ungesättigter Iminiumionen. Angew Chem 2008, 120, 8851. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200802889>
  • Cozzi Pier Giorgio, Zoli Luca: A Rational Approach towards the Nucleophilic Substitutions of Alcohols “on Water”. Angew Chem Int Ed 2008, 47, 4162. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200800622>
  • Lakhdar Sami, Tokuyasu Takahiro, Mayr Herbert: Electrophilic Reactivities of α,β-Unsaturated Iminium Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed 2008, 47, 8723. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200802889>
  • Seeliger Florian, Błażej Sylwia, Bernhardt Sebastian, Mąkosza Mieczysław, Mayr Herbert: Reactions of Nitroheteroarenes with Carbanions: Bridging Aromatic, Heteroaromatic, and Vinylic Electrophilicity. Chem Eur J 2008, 14, 6108. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.200800329>
  • Błażej Sylwia, Mąkosza Mieczysław: Substituent Effects on the Electrophilic Activity of Nitroarenes in Reactions with Carbanions. Chem Eur J 2008, 14, 11113. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.200800821>
  • Kaumanns Oliver, Lucius Roland, Mayr Herbert: Determination of the Electrophilicity Parameters of Diethyl Benzylidenemalonates in Dimethyl Sulfoxide: Reference Electrophiles for Characterizing Strong Nucleophiles. Chem Eur J 2008, 14, 9675. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.200801277>
  • Nigst Tobias A., Westermaier Martin, Ofial Armin R., Mayr Herbert: Nucleophilic Reactivities of Pyrroles. Eur J Org Chem 2008, 2008, 2369. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200800092>
  • Forlani Luciano, Attanasi Orazio A., Boga Carla, De Crescentini Lucia, Del Vecchio Erminia, Favi Gianfranco, Mantellini Fabio, Tozzi Silvia, Zanna Nicola: Unusual Reactions Between Aromatic Carbon Supernucleophiles and 1,2-Diazabuta-1,3-dienes: Useful Routes to New Pyrazolone and Cinnoline Derivatives. Eur J Org Chem 2008, 2008, 4357. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200800445>
  • Ohta Akihiro, Dahl Klaus, Raab Rainer, Geittner Jochen, Huisgen Rolf: Diazodiphenylmethane and Monosubstituted Butadienes: Kinetics and a New Chapter of Vinylcyclopropane Chemistry. HCA 2008, 91, 783. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.200890081>
  • Mayr Herbert, Ofial Armin R.: Do general nucleophilicity scales exist?. J Phys Org Chem 2008, 21, 584. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.1325>
  • Baidya M., Mayr Herbert: Nucleophilicities and carbon basicities of DBU and DBN. Chem Commun 2008, 1792. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b801811a>
  • Seeliger Florian, Mayr Herbert: Nucleophilic reactivities of benzenesulfonyl-substituted carbanions. Org Biomol Chem 2008, 6, 3052. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b805604h>
  • Tumanov Vasily V., Tishkov Alexander A., Mayr Herbert: Nucleophilie-Parameter von Alkyl- und Arylisocyaniden. Angew Chem 2007, 119, 3633. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200605205>
  • Baidya Mahiuddin, Kobayashi Shinjiro, Brotzel Frank, Schmidhammer Uli, Riedle Eberhard, Mayr Herbert: DABCO oder DMAP – worauf beruht ihr Unterschied in der Organokatalyse?. Angew Chem 2007, 119, 6288. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200701489>
  • Tumanov Vasily V., Tishkov Alexander A., Mayr Herbert: Nucleophilicity Parameters for Alkyl and Aryl Isocyanides. Angew Chem Int Ed 2007, 46, 3563. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200605205>
  • Baidya Mahiuddin, Kobayashi Shinjiro, Brotzel Frank, Schmidhammer Uli, Riedle Eberhard, Mayr Herbert: DABCO and DMAP—Why Are They Different in Organocatalysis?. Angew Chem Int Ed 2007, 46, 6176. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200701489>
  • Lakhdar Sami, Goumont Régis, Berionni Guillaume, Boubaker Taoufik, Kurbatov Sergey, Terrier François: Superelectrophilicity of the Nitroolefinic Fragment of 4-Nitrobenzodifuroxan in Michael-Type Reactions with Indoles: A Kinetic Study in Acetonitrile. Chem Eur J 2007, 13, 8317. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.200700676>
  • Berger Stefan T. A., Seeliger Florian H., Hofbauer Florian, Mayr Herbert: Electrophilicity parameters for 2-benzylidene-indan-1,3-diones—a systematic extension of the benzhydrylium based electrophilicity scale. Org Biomol Chem 2007, 5, 3020. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b708025e>
  • Brotzel Frank, Mayr Herbert: Nucleophilicities of amino acids and peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2007, 5, 3814. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b713778h>
  • Mayr Herbert, Ofial Armin R.: Das Reaktivitäts-Selektivitäts-Prinzip: ein unzerstörbarer Mythos der organischen Chemie. Angew Chem 2006, 118, 1876. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200503273>
  • Phan Thanh Binh, Breugst Martin, Mayr Herbert: Auf dem Weg zu einer allgemeinen Nucleophilie-Skala?. Angew Chem 2006, 118, 3954. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200600542>
  • Mayr Herbert, Ofial Armin R.: The Reactivity–Selectivity Principle: An Imperishable Myth in Organic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed 2006, 45, 1844. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200503273>
  • Phan Thanh Binh, Breugst Martin, Mayr Herbert: Towards a General Scale of Nucleophilicity?. Angew Chem Int Ed 2006, 45, 3869. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200600542>
  • Denegri Bernard, Streiter André, Jurić Sandra, Ofial Armin R., Kronja Olga, Mayr Herbert: Kinetics of the Solvolyses of Benzhydryl Derivatives: Basis for the Construction of a Comprehensive Nucleofugality Scale. Chem Eur J 2006, 12, 1648. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.200500845>
  • Denegri Bernard, Ofial Armin R., Jurić Sandra, Streiter André, Kronja Olga, Mayr Herbert: How Fast Do RX Bonds Ionize? A Semiquantitative Approach. Chem Eur J 2006, 12, 1657. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.200500847>
  • Bentley T. William: Additivity Rules Using Similarity Models for Chemical Reactivity: Calculation and Interpretation of Electrofugality and Nucleofugality. Chem Eur J 2006, 12, 6514. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.200600517>
  • Binh Phan Thanh, Mayr Herbert: Nucleophilicity Parameters for Carbanions in Methanol. Eur J Org Chem 2006, 2006, 2530. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200500769>
  • Dyker Gerald, Hagel Marcel, Muth Oliver, Schirrmacher Christian: Sterically Stabilizedp-Quinodimethanes by Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. Eur J Org Chem 2006, 2006, 2134. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200600002>